Chapter Three: Pack Behaviour and Hierarchy:

“Although over centuries we have successfully taken the dog out of the wolf pack, we have not been able to take the instincts of the wolf pack out of the dog. Even though dogs are generations away from their wolf ancestors, they still retain many of the characteristics, including the need to know their rank and status within the family pack.”

“Owners need to be aware that off leash parks have an ever changing pack structure depending on the mix of dogs present at any one time, and their familiarity with each other.”

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